gardner



C. E. W. GARDNER.

' ADDING MACHINE.

4 APPLICATION HLED SEPT.29,1910. l 1 95,57 5 Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

e :Hans-SHEET 1.

'JAL (MJ C. E. W. GARDNER.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-29,1910. 1,195,575. Patented Aug. 22,1916.

e SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. E. W. GARDNER.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED szPLzs, IsIo.

1,195,575. Patented .22,1915

5 SH HEET 3.

n' EjSQQwwww- QQQQ may.

C. E. W. GARDNER.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED sEPT.29, I9Io.

1,1 95,575. PaIenIedA-ug. 22,1916,

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

I i III 64W/ Ma/IM A; fwmwmw;

C. EA W. GARDNER.

ADmNG MACHINE. APPLlCATION FILED SEPLZS. 1910..

m d .m5 w 2,00 A//W Q o w @/2 M WM@ w Mw me 5I m 3 JWM.

w VHU. m 7 5 5, w 1, m w

LLA/5.13

C. E. W. GARDNER.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION msn sanza. 1910.

1,195,575. y K PatemedAug. 22,1916.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

' UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEioE.

CLYDE `E. W. GARDNER, OFl DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR '1.0` BURROUGHS ADDING MACH/INE COMIANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

ADDINGMACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

Application led September 29, 1910. Serial No. 584,538.

T o all whom t may concern :Y

The object of the present invention is to4 facilitate the use ofan adding machine for purposes of multiplication and division.

It is well known in the art how the ordinary addingmachine having rows of depressible keys can be used to perform multiplication by repeated addition of the multiplicand and division by repeated addition of the complement of the divisor. Thus, to perform multiplication keys are depressed setting up the multiplicand and the repeat key set to perform its usual function of disabling the amount key releasing means, then the machine is operated as many times as there aie units in the multiplier, after which the repeat key and amount keys are released and the multiplicand again set up one point or orderto the left and the repeat key again set and the4 machine operated as many times as there are tens in the multiplier, and so on. Subtraction is commonly done by adding the complement of the subtrahend and division can therefore be accomplished by repeatedly adding such complement, setting it over to the right as the higher ,portions of the dividend become exhausted or reduced below the divisor or repeated subtrahend.

The registering wheels will show theA quotient and it is customary to space it 0H from the beginning of the dividend by setting down the 9 key in'the order to the left of the highest number in the divisor. For example, 'if the dividend is 76000 and it is to be divided' by 12, 76000 is first accumulated and then the complement of 12, to-wit 88, is set up in the fourth and fifth banks or rows of keys counting from the right and the 0 key. in the next row to the left is also depressed, so that the first part of the quotient will be carried over one space. The machine will then be operated until 76 is reduced to less than 12, a unit being added in each operation on the wheel of the seventh bank. After the machine has been operated six times the 'numeral 6 will appear upon that wheeland only -l would remain of the 70. The amount keyswould then be released and -988 set up by depressing keys in the third, fourth and fifth rows from the right, 'after which the machine would be operated until 40v was reduced to less than 12, the result being that the wheel of the 6th bank would shoyv the numeral 3 and there would be a remainder of 4 shown upon the Wheel of the third bank. The process would be continued until theA dividend of' 76000 was reduced to a. small remainder of 4t on the units wheel andfthe fifth, sixth, andseventh wheels counting from the right would show the quotient of 633, which A'represents the number of times that 76000 is divisible by 12, leaving a remainder of 4.

Not only are'uses of the 'well-known adding machine such as above referred to common, but various appliances have been heretofore devised for facilitating the shifting of the multiplicand or divisor, as the case may be, from order to order of keys, such appliances usually taking the form of a laterall'yinovable frame or superposed keyboard. By the present invention it is proposed to do away with the employment of any superposed structure over `the adding machine keyboard and to provide a multiplying and dividing equipment which can be fully contained within thercasing of the machine except for the protrusion of an operating handle, such equipment making it possible to change the setting of the keys from right to left or left to right successively by the mere act of working a lever or the like.

I have chosen for the purposes of illustration an adaptation of my invention to the well-known Pike adding machine, the particulars of Which may be ascertained by con-.

sulting prior Patents No. 76?),692, June 28, i904, and N0. '767,596 of Aug. i6, i904. it will be understood, however, that the invention is not necessarily confined. to a machine of this particular style.

In the drawings which accompany and form part of' this specification, 'Figure 1 represents in sectionalized right-side elevation a machine of the type above mentioned having incorporated therein an equipment for carrying out the present invention; Fig. 2 is a seotionalizedplan view taken on the 6 5 910a acted upon by a wipe pawl 916. The

'farms 205 (Fig. 3)

- line 2 4the vengagement therewith of 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical cross-section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 isa vertical cross-section.

of the machine taken on the line .14 of Fig. 1 Fig. 5 is a sectionalized left-sideelevation of 'the keyboard section or department of the machine; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary'top plan view of the keyboard with the operating leverof Ithe multiplication appliance in section; Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are views 1similar to Fig. 4 though not showing as much of the machine and changed relations of parts under different conditions; Fig. 10 is a fragmentary vertical section taken substantially on the line 10--10 of Fig. 4; Fig. 11 is a horizontal section' taken substantially on the line 1l-11 of Fig. 1; Figs. 12 and 13 are similar sections Fig. 11 but differing from each other in illustrating changed relations of parts under different conditions; Fig. 14 a left side ele- 'vation showing more particularly the shift lever and total key connection;l Fig. 15 a section on the line 15-15 of Fig. 14.

In view of the disclosures in the prior patents above referred to and also in view of the fact that the Pike machine is more or less extensively known on the market. it will not be necessary to enter into a detailed description of the machine proper,'though some of its well-known elements will be designated so that the relation thereto of added devices of the present invention may be thoroughly understood.

The reference numeral 404 designates the customary reciprocating vbars which carry the 'actuating racks 405, and the numeral 385 designates the registering pinions turned by said racks. are regulated as usual by the stems 202 of depressible keys, which stems act as stops for lugs onthe bars 404 to abut. The keys are normally upheld by springs 280 as usual and the keystems are double notched 'for detent pawls 207 secured torock shafts 220 normally constrained by springs 282 to press the detent pawls against the key-stems, said springs being applied to zero stop arms205 (Fig. 3) fastened to the rock shafts 220 and normally standing in the paths of zero stop lugs 430 von the bars 404 as shown in Fig. 1. There is a transversely extending slide strip or plate 208 slotted to receive lugs 205l1 on the and adapted to serve the usual-function of releasing depressed keys by simultaneously rocking the shafts 220. One arm of a vbell-crank lever 911 operates said slide strip, the other arm of said bell vcrank lever'being connected to a link 915 which has a right-angled slot j (Fig. 1) receiving a stud z' on the arm of a bell-crank lever 910 whose other arm carries' a stud illustrating The excursions of the latter 910 will impart no movement to the link 915 u and the connected key-releasing devices.

All or' the above designated elements and their functions are well known and the particulars of the repeat mechanism have been pointed out chiey because their function is directly concerned in the uses of the machine for purposes of multiplication orv division. taken substantially on the line 12-12 off ,Y

Passing now to the novel equipment of the presentinvention, there is arranged. un-

der the keyboard a vertically movable framel or grid composed of side bars12,V front and rear bars 13 and cross bars 14, (Fig. 11) one for each transverse row of keys except the 1 keys, it being understood that a trans` verse row of keysvis composed of keys et' the same value. The-said frame or grid is guided for rectilinear up or down movelment by the engagement of upper and lower studs 13L and 13b in slots of the supporting framework of the keyboard section or department of the machine, as clearly shown .in Figs. 1 and 5, and it will be understood that the engagement of these studs with the slots is such as to permit lateral movement of the frame or grid. As theequipment or' each of the cross bars 14 and the associated transverse row of key-stems 202 is the same, it will suiiice to describe one set of the devices composing such equipment. The bar extends closely adjacent the key-stems and between each pair 'ofthe latter a pivot stud (i protrudes from the bar and on this stud is hung a double-acting pawl 1S just beyond the plane or' the key stems and connected by a spring 1Sa to a depending leg 14a of the han' said spring exerting itself te hold the pawl central or extending straight down as shown in Fig. 4, which is the neutral position maintained so long as the machine is in use merely for ordinary operations of additien or subtraction. The upper portion of the pawl is tapered so as to provide an inclined cam edge 1Sb at each side. Below these cam, edges the side edges of the pawl are straight or parallel and in its lower portion the pawl is undercut at each side to form shoulders 18c and 1 8d on opposite sides of a central terminal portion. Each key stem is equipped with an upper stud 15a and a lower stud 15b, the upper stud adaptedto lcoact with the cam 'edgeslSb and the lower stud adapted to be acted upon by the shoulder 18c or the shoulder 18d when the frame or grid is depressed under a lateral adjustment for multiplication or division. Normally depression of amount keys does not ati'ect the pawls 18, the studs 15 simply moving down freely between the pawls or, in the ease of the outside rows ot keys, moving down freely along the outer edges of the pawls. This- Condition obtains when the 'frame or grid is in its middle position, but if 4in either of its other two 'positions cam edges 18h of the lpawls will have been brought into engagement with theupper key-stein studs a and slightly tilted so that While one set of shoulders 18c or 18d will upon'depression of the frame or grid clear the associated lower key-stem studs 15", whether or not keys have been depressed, the other set ot' shoulders, though they would clear the associated .studs 15D if no keys had been depressed, will engage the associated studs 15" it keys have been depressed. Bearing in mind that the transverse sectional views, Figs. 4 and 7 to 9, are taken looking toward the front of the machine, let it be assumed that division is to be performed. The dividend is first accumulated vand keys depressed representing the complement of the divisor and also the 9-key in the next higher order. The repeat key 10 is pulled forward. The machine isthen operated until repeated addition of the'com-y pleinental number reduces the higher digits of the dividend to a quantity less than the divisor, as previously explained, but in order to bring into operation the equipment -provided by the present invention, the frame or grid is shifted to the left (or to the right as the parts are viewed in Figs. 4 and 7 to 9). This is done prior to the depression of any keys for setting up the divisor. The result is to move the pawls 18 against the upper key-stem studs 15, tilting said pawls to a .slight degree as illustrated with regard to the two pawls at the left in Fig. 7. This alone does not change the relation between the pawls and the lower key-stem studs 15b in so far as cooperative action is concerned. However, it does bring about such a relation between thel pawls and theupper studs that 'upon' depression of a key its upper stud will act with a camming eiTect upon the associated pawl as illustrated in Fig. 7 with reference to the right-hand pawl. (The key here shown depressed is one in the highest order, being that order farthest to the left as the machine is viewed from the right). The eect of this further tilting of the pawl in question is to force its shoulder 18, which is farthest from the key, into a posilion over the stud 15b of the corresponding key in the next lower order, as illustrated in Fig. 7. Therefore, lowering of the frame or grid to the position shown in Fig. 8 will result in depression of this lower order key. The same effect would be produced between other` orders of keys if the divisor called with the grid or frame but'such of them as have not been affected by depression of keys in the beginning will simply pass down between the studs 15h as illustrated with reference to the pawls at the lett in Fig. 8. Depression of the frame or grid releases all ot' the depressed keys, through means hereinafter described, but keys which are depressed by the pawls 18 in the lowering of the grid will be immediately rengaged' by the detaining detents 207 as the frame or grid rises. The depression' of a lower order key by the pawl 18 which has` been set through vdepression of a higher order key, will in turn set the next pawl 18 for depression of the corresponding key of the still lower order. If adjac t digits of the divisor happen to be of t e Same value then will be clear from the above that division.,

can be expeditiously carried on without repeated manipulation of keys for setting up the complement of the divisor but by set-l ting it.- up once in the highest orders required by the dividend and then lowering the frame or grid to step the divisor over from order to order.

In thev case of multiplication the operation is the same except of course that the stepping. over is from right to left instead ot from left toy right. To prepare the-machine for performing multiplication the grid or frame is shifted to the right (or to the left as the parts are seen in Fig. 9) which has the effect of tilting the pawls 18 oppositely to their tilting in the before-described process of preparing the machine for performing division.` The machine havingbeen operated to the ynumber called for by the.

units digit of the multiplier, the frame or grid is lowered with the result that the keys which had been depressed toI set up the multiplicand will be released but corresponding keys of a row or rows one order to `the left will be depressed by the pawls 18 that were further tilted through the first depression of keys and of course it may be that the same higher order key that was origi nally depressed will be kept down since it may` represent the same digital value as the next lower order key that was depressed.

The 'trame or grid is controlled as to its secured to the left-hand side bar 12 of the frame or grid. It is obvious that sidewise.

swinging of the lever 30 will laterally shift the grid o r frame. rfhe slot in the vmachine panel through which said lever protrudes is right-hand one and the dividing adjustmentl the left-handone. rEhe lever has movement forward. and back to engage it with and disengage it from the notches and also for the purpose of raising and lowering the frame or grid, this lever serving the double purpose of laterally adjusting the same and also operating itto set over the keys. For the latter purpose the lever has a widened central portion'with an inclined Cam' slot 25 as shownI in Fig. 5 which embraces the aforesaid flanged roller 12a, and to provide for even movement of the grid the rock shaft 29 is extended across 'the ma chine and has secured to its "right-hand end an arm 28 (Fig. 1) with a camslot 28a` just like the, slot 25 and receiving a roller-stud 12d on the right-hand side bar 12 of the frame or grid. Springs yapplied to said arm 28 and to the lever 30 hold the same forward. -It vis obvious that by pushing the lever rearward the frame or grid will be lowered and that upon releasing the lever the frame or grid will be raised. At their rear ends the cam slots have sufficient extent of. concentric 'portions to provide forv the slight forward and backward movement `,of

the lever suiiicient to engage it with and disengage it from' the notches of the panel-- opening without affecting the frame or grid. ln order to guard against movement of the lever far enough rearward to affect said .frame or grid when the lever is occupying the adding position or when it is out of either the multiplying or dividing position, said panel opening is specially made, the same'comprising slots Sil extending rearward in line with the multiplication and division notches and a contracted forward portion 35 only sutlicient in extent from front to rear to permit rearward Amovement of the lever for disengagmg 1t from theaddltion notch.

rlhe following described construction is employed for the purpose of causing the frame or grid in lowering to release depressed keys: To each of the detent rock shafts 220 there is secured ashort arm 220a (Figs. 11, 12 and 13) from which depends ,a

link 22 having a lug 22a at its lower end extending under an adjacent cross-bar 14 of the frame or grid. As here shown, alternating rock shafts have their links coperatlng with th'e foremost cross-bar 14 or the one at the front of the machine and the other rock shafts have their links cooperating with the rearmost cross bar 14C, though this is not of course anessential arrangement but will reengage the upper notches of the keystems as the frame orgrid rises. l

As to release of depressed keys for correction of errors or for restoring the keys at the conclusion of a series ofvoperations without again operating vthe machine' for the purpose, that is done as in the familiar Pike machine through the use of the total or subtota-l key ,(it is not customary in this particular type of machine to provide a separate correction or error tal and sub-total keys are shown in the form of levers 7024 and 702s and a lever 702a which they operate upon acts in turn upon a bent lever 702b Fig. 15) which has ay nose engag` ing a slot in the detent releasing plate 208. A

What is claimed is:

1. In a machine 4of the vcharacter described, the combination with registering key). In Fig. 14 the towheels and actuators therefor and denomil yof corresponding value in either of the two adjacent rows depressed in a preceding operation.

8. ln a machine of the character described, the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and`denominational rows of depressible keys to deterlio' mine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed, and means for effectlngdepression of a key 1n one row under control of a depressed keyv of corresponding value in an adjacent row and releasing the said depressedkey.

4. ln a machine of the character described, the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational. rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed, and means for eecting depression of a key in means,

Ameans for holding keys depressed, a depres-v sible member adapted te release the detent and means operated by said depres -sible member for depressing a key of one row undercontrol of a key of corresponding value in an adjacent row.

6. In a machine of the character described, the combination with registering' wheels and actuators therefor and denominational. rows of depressibledreys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means 'for holding keys depressed, a depressible member adapted to release the detent means and means operated by said depres sible member for depressinga key of one rowy under control of a key of corresponding value in either adjacent. row.

7. In a machine of the character described, the combination with yregistering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows'of depressible keys t0 determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed, and a depressible frame carrying movably 'mountedpawls adjacent the keys and adapted to be engaged and set thereby and when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those whose keys do the setting, said frame adapted when'depressed to release the detent means.

8. In a machine of the character described, -the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of Alepressible 4keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed, and a depressible frame carrying movably mounted pawls engaged and set thereby and when set to engage for depression keys of rows adja cent vthose whose keys do the setting, a pawl being double-acting to engage for depression a key of either row adjacent the intermediate row, and a key of corresponding value in the latter adapted to set either of two adjacent pawls, and the frame adapted to release the detent means.

9. In a machine. of the character described, the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressiblekeys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed, and a depressible frame carrying pivotally mounted pawls adjacent the keys and adapted to be engaged and set ythereby and when set to engage for depression keys of rowsadjaadjacent the keys and adapted to be Aing upper and lower studs;

cent those whose keys do the setting, said frame adapted when depressed to release the detent means.

l0. In a machine of the character described, the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detentmeans for holding keys depressed, and a depressible frame carrying pivotally mounted and spring-held pawls adjacent the keys and adapted to be engaged and set thereby and when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those whose keys do the setting, said frame adapted when depressed to release the detent means.

l1. In a machine of the character described, the combination with registering` wheels and actuators therefor and denomi-v national rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed, and a depressible frame carrying pivotally mounted pawls adjacent the keys and adapted to be engaged and set thereby ,andV when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those whose keys do the setting, a pawl 'being double-acting to engage for depression a key `of either row adjacent the intermediate row, and a key of corresponding value in the latter adapted to set eitherfof two adjacent pawls, and the frame adapted to release the detent means.

12. In a machine of the character described, the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denomina tional rows of d'epressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means y for holding keys depressed,and a depressible framev carrying pivotally mounted and spring-centralized pawls adjacent the keys and adapted to be engaged and set thereby vand when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those whose keys do the setting, a, pawl being double-acting to engage for .depression a. ke)r of either row adjacent the intermediate row, and a key of corresponding value vin the latter adapted to set either of two adjacent pawls, andthe frame adapted to release the detent means.

13. In a machine of the character described, the combination' with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof, the keys havof detent means for holding keys depressed, and a depressible frame carrying movably, mounted pawls adjacent the keys and beveled for engagement with upper key studs and shouldered for engagement with lower key studs, adapted when depressed to operate the detent means. f

the frameV 14. In a machine of the character described, the combinatlon Awith registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof, the keys upper and lower studs; of detent means for holding keys depressed, and a depressible frame carrying pivotally mounted springcentralized pawls adjacent the keys and double-beveled for engagement with the upper key studs and double-shouldered for engagement with lower key studs, the frame adapted wheYr/i depressed to operate the detent means. v

16. 1n a machine of the character described, the combination.with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent pawls for holding keys depressed, p'aWl-operating connections and a depressilole fra-me carrying movably mounted pawls adjacent the keys and adapted` to be engaged and set thereby and when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those Whose keys do the setting, said frame adapt-ed when depressed to actuate the detent-pawl operating connections.

17. 1n a vmachine of' the character described, the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed, a depressible frame carrying movably mounted pawls adjacent the keys and adapted to be engaged and set thereby and when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those'whose eration of said keys, ing sald actuating appliances effectively to keys do the setting, said frame adapted when depressed to release the detent means; and a cam-lever for depressing the frame.

18. In a machine of the character described, the combination with registering wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; yof detent means for holding keys depressed, and a depressible and laterally movable frame carrying movably mounted and adapted to be engaged and set thereby and when set to engage for depression keys of rows adjacent those/whose keys do thesetting, said frame adapted when depressed to release the detent means.

19. In a machine of the character described, the combination with registering Wheels and actuators therefor and denominational rows of depressible keys to determine extent of movement thereof; of detent means for holding keys depressed and a depressible and laterally movable frame carrying movably mounted pawls adjacentthe keys and adapted tor be engaged and set thereby and when setto engage for depression keys of rows zuljacentv those whose keys` d0 the setting, a pawl being double-acting to engage for depression a key of either row adjacent the intermediate row, and a key of corresponding value in the latter adapted to set either of two adjacent pawls. and the frame adapted to release the detent means. 20. I n an adding machine. keys arranged in numerical orders, actuating appliances vfor said keys moved incidentally to the opand means for operatset certain keys to represent numbers, substantially as specified.

21. In an adding machine, keys arranged in numerical orders, parts moved 4incidentally to the operation of said keys, means for operating said parts effectively to set certain keys to represent numbers. and mechanism for adding said numbers, substantially as described.

CLYDE E. lV. GARDNER. Witnesses:

J. G. VINCENT, ARTHUR W. F neNzeL.

pawls adjacent the keys.

Copie's of this patentmay be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

` Washington, D. C. 

